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Transitive vs Intransitive

Transitive Verb 

A transitive verb is a verb that needs an object to complete its meaning. In simple words, the action of the verb is transferred to someone or something. Without an object, the sentence feels incomplete or unclear. For example, in the sentence “She reads a book,” the verb “reads” needs the object “a book” to make full sense. If we only say “She reads,” the listener may ask, “reads what?” Therefore, transitive verbs always answer the question “what?” or “whom?” after the verb.

A transitive verb always has a direct object. The object can be a person, place, thing, or idea. For example, “He kicked the ball,” here “kicked” is a transitive verb and “the ball” is the object.

Sometimes, a sentence may have two objects with a transitive verb. For example, “She gave him a gift.” Here, “him” is the indirect object and “a gift” is the direct object.

सकर्मक क्रिया वह क्रिया होती है जिसे अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए किसी कर्म (object) की आवश्यकता होती है। सरल शब्दों में, क्रिया का प्रभाव किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु पर पड़ता है। जैसे “वह किताब पढ़ती है” में “पढ़ती है” क्रिया को “किताब” की जरूरत होती है। यदि हम केवल “वह पढ़ती है” कहें, तो प्रश्न उठता है “क्या पढ़ती है?” इसलिए सकर्मक क्रिया हमेशा “क्या?” या “किसे?” का उत्तर देती है।

सकर्मक क्रिया में हमेशा एक कर्म होता है। यह कर्म व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या विचार हो सकता है। जैसे “उसने गेंद मारी” में “गेंद” कर्म है।

कभी-कभी एक वाक्य में दो कर्म भी होते हैं। जैसे “उसने उसे एक उपहार दिया” में “उसे” अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म और “उपहार” प्रत्यक्ष कर्म है।

1. Affirmative 

Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object

Examples:

  1. She reads a book.
    वह एक किताब पढ़ती है।
  2. He eats an apple.
    वह एक सेब खाता है।
  3. They play cricket.
    वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।

2. Negative 

Structure:
Subject + do/does + not + Verb (base form) + Object

Examples:

  1. She does not read a book.
    वह किताब नहीं पढ़ती है।
  2. He does not eat an apple.
    वह सेब नहीं खाता है।
  3. They do not play cricket.
    वे क्रिकेट नहीं खेलते हैं।

3. Interrogative 

Structure:
Do/Does + Subject + Verb (base form) + Object?

Examples:

  1. Does she read a book?
    क्या वह किताब पढ़ती है?
  2. Does he eat an apple?
    क्या वह सेब खाता है?
  3. Do they play cricket?
    क्या वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं?

4. Negative 

Structure:
Do/Does + Subject + not + Verb + Object?
(or Don’t/Doesn’t + Subject + Verb + Object?)

Examples:

  1. Does she not read a book? / Doesn’t she read a book?
    क्या वह किताब नहीं पढ़ती है?
  2. Does he not eat an apple?
    क्या वह सेब नहीं खाता है?
  3. Do they not play cricket?
    क्या वे क्रिकेट नहीं खेलते हैं?

5. WH-word Interrogative 

Structure:
WH-word + do/does + Subject + Verb + Object?

Examples:

  1. What does she read?
    वह क्या पढ़ती है?
  2. What does he eat?
    वह क्या खाता है?
  3. What do they play?
    वे क्या खेलते हैं?

6. WH-word Negative Interrogative 

Structure:
WH-word + do/does + Subject + not + Verb + Object?

Examples:

  1. What does she not read?
    वह क्या नहीं पढ़ती है?
  2. What does he not eat?
    वह क्या नहीं खाता है?
  3. What do they not play?
    वे क्या नहीं खेलते हैं?

To understand how the object receives the action, just follow one simple idea:
👉 The subject does the action, and the object gets the result of that action.
👉 After the verb, ask “what?” or “whom?” — the answer is the object that receives the action.

Examples (Easy to Understand)

  1. Ram kicked the ball.
    👉 Ram (does the action)
    👉 kicked (action)
    👉 the ball (receives the action – it is kicked)
  2. She is eating an apple.
    👉 She (does the action)
    👉 eating (action)
    👉 an apple (receives the action – it is eaten)
  3. He opened the door.
    👉 He (does the action)
    👉 opened (action)
    👉 the door (receives the action – it is opened)
  4. They built a house.
    👉 They (does the action)
    👉 built (action)
    👉 a house (receives the action – it is built)
  5. I called my friend.
    👉 I (does the action)
    👉 called (action)
    👉 my friend (receives the action – he/she is called)

हिंदी में समझें

👉 Subject काम करता है और Object उस काम का असर लेता है
👉 Verb के बाद क्या?” या “किसे?” पूछो — जो उत्तर आए वही object है।

उदाहरण:

  1. Ram kicked the ball.
    👉 Ram काम कर रहा है
    👉 ball पर असर पड़ा (उसे kick किया गया)
  2. She is eating an apple.
    👉 She खा रही है
    👉 apple पर असर पड़ा (उसे खाया जा रहा है)
  3. He opened the door.
    👉 He ने काम किया
    👉 door पर असर पड़ा (वह खोला गया)
  4. They built a house.
    👉 They ने काम किया
    👉 house बना (उस पर काम हुआ)
  5. I called my friend.
    👉 I ने call किया
    👉 friend ने action receive किया (उसे call किया गया)

Intransitive Verb 

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not need an object to complete its meaning. The action expressed by the verb stops with the subject and does not pass to anything else. In simple words, the subject itself performs the action, and there is no receiver of that action. For example, in the sentence “She sleeps,” the verb “sleeps” does not need an object. These verbs show complete action on their own and make the sentence meaningful without adding extra words.

Intransitive verbs often describe actions like coming, going, sleeping, laughing, crying, or sitting. These actions do not affect any object. For example: “The baby cried.” Here, “cried” does not act on anything.

Some common intransitive verbs are: run, jump, sleep, arrive, die, laugh, and sit. Example sentences: “He runs fast.” “They arrived late.” No object is needed after these verbs.

अकर्मक क्रिया (Intransitive Verb) वह क्रिया होती है जिसे अपना अर्थ पूरा करने के लिए किसी कर्म (object) की आवश्यकता नहीं होती। इसमें क्रिया का प्रभाव केवल कर्ता (subject) पर ही रहता है, किसी दूसरी वस्तु या व्यक्ति पर नहीं जाता। जैसे “वह सोती है” में “सोती” क्रिया को किसी कर्म की जरूरत नहीं है।

अकर्मक क्रियाएँ ऐसे कार्य को दर्शाती हैं जो किसी पर प्रभाव नहीं डालते, जैसे आना, जाना, हँसना, रोना, बैठना आदि। उदाहरण: “बच्चा रोया।” यहाँ “रोया” का कोई कर्म नहीं है।

कुछ सामान्य अकर्मक क्रियाएँ हैं: दौड़ना, कूदना, सोना, आना, मरना, हँसना, बैठना। उदाहरण: “वह तेज दौड़ता है।” “वे देर से आए।” यहाँ क्रिया के बाद कोई कर्म नहीं है।

1. Affirmative 

Structure:
Subject + Verb (V1 / V2 / V3 as per tense)

Examples:

  1. She sleeps.
    वह सोती है।
  2. They arrived late.
    वे देर से आए।

2. Negative 

Structure:
Subject + do/does/did + not + Verb (V1)

Examples:

  1. She does not sleep early.
    वह जल्दी नहीं सोती है।
  2. They did not arrive on time.
    वे समय पर नहीं आए।

3. Interrogative 

Structure:
Do/Does/Did + Subject + Verb (V1)?

Examples:

  1. Does she sleep early?
    क्या वह जल्दी सोती है?
  2. Did they arrive late?
    क्या वे देर से आए?

4. Negative 

Structure:
Do/Does/Did + Subject + not + Verb (V1)?

Examples:

  1. Does she not sleep early?
    क्या वह जल्दी नहीं सोती है?
  2. Did they not arrive on time?
    क्या वे समय पर नहीं आए?

5. WH-Word 

Structure:
WH-word + do/does/did + Subject + Verb (V1)?

Examples:

  1. When does she sleep?
    वह कब सोती है?
  2. Why did they arrive late?
    वे देर से क्यों आए?

6. WH-Word Negative 

Structure:
WH-word + do/does/did + Subject + not + Verb (V1)?

Examples:

  1. Why does she not sleep early?
    वह जल्दी क्यों नहीं सोती है?
  2. When did they not arrive on time?
    वे समय पर कब नहीं आए?

Mixed examples of transitive and intransitive verbs

  1. She reads a book. (Transitive – “what?” → a book)
  2. The baby cried loudly. (Intransitive – no object)
  3. He kicked the ball. (Transitive – “what?” → the ball)
  4. They are laughing. (Intransitive – no object)
  5. I wrote a letter. (Transitive – “what?” → a letter)
  6. The sun rises in the east. (Intransitive – no object)
  7. She cooked food. (Transitive – “what?” → food)
  8. The child slept peacefully. (Intransitive – no object)
  9. We watched a movie. (Transitive – “what?” → a movie)
  10. He runs fast. (Intransitive – no object)

हिंदी में समझें:

  • Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया) → जिसके बाद “क्या?” या “किसको?” का उत्तर मिले
  • Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) → जिसके बाद कोई object न हो

ये उदाहरण दोनों प्रकार की क्रियाओं को आसानी से समझने में मदद करेंगे।

transitive and Intransitive Verb

Transitive and intransitive verb

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